Removable and Fixed Partial Dentures (commonly known as Fixed Bridges) are dental appliances used to replace missing teeth, providing both functional and aesthetic benefits.
They are crucial in restoring oral health and enhancing the smile’s appearance. Each type of Removable and fixed partial dentures offer unique advantages and considerations for patients seeking tooth replacement solutions.
Understanding these options can help individuals make informed decisions about their oral health needs.
Types of Removable and Fixed Partial Dentures
Removable Partial Dentures
Removable partial dentures (RPDs) are dental prosthetics used to replace one or more missing teeth while being removable for ease of cleaning and maintenance. There are several types of RPDs, each with unique features, advantages, and considerations.
Cast Metal Partial Dentures
Made from a metal framework and acrylic base with artificial teeth attached.
Procedure
The dentist takes impressions, designs the metal framework, and fits the RPD during subsequent appointments.
Pros
- Solid and durable
- Precise fit, less bulky
- Stable in the mouth
Cons
- More expensive
- Visible metal clasps
- Take longer to fabricate
Acrylic (Flipper) Partial Dentures
Made entirely from acrylic material, lightweight and affordable.
Procedure
The dentist takes impressions and creates the acrylic RPD to fit over the gums and remaining teeth.
Pros
- Quick to fabricate
- Less expensive
- Easy adjustments
Cons
- Less durable
- Bulkier
- May affect speech
- Limited chewing ability
Flexible (Valplast) Partial Dentures
Made from flexible thermoplastic material, allowing for better comfort.
Procedure
The dentist takes impressions and creates the flexible RPD using specialized materials.
Pros
- Comfortable fit
- Metal-free
- Natural-looking
- Easy to adjust
Cons
- Less durable than cast metal,
- Not suitable for extensive tooth loss.
Nesbit (Single-Tooth) Dentures
Designed to replace one missing tooth only.
Procedure
The dentist takes impressions and creates the Nesbit denture to fit around the adjacent teeth.
Pros
- Simple and affordable solution for a single missing tooth
Cons
- Not suitable for multiple missing teeth
- May affect neighboring teeth
Implant-Supported Removable Dentures
Utilizes dental implants to anchor the RPD securely in the mouth.
Procedure
The dentist assesses implant candidacy, places dental implants, and customizes the RPD to attach to the implants.
Pros
- Enhanced stability
- Improved chewing ability
- No need for clasps
Cons
- More costly surgical procedures are required for implant placement
Snap-On Dentures (Overdentures)
Attaches to remaining teeth or dental implants using special attachments.
Procedure
The dentist determines the support needed and appropriately attaches the RPD.
Pros
- Better stability
- Improved retention
- Easier to clean
Cons
- Requires healthy remaining teeth or dental implants
- Costlier than traditional RPDs
Fixed Partial Dentures (Fixed Bridges)
Fixed partial dentures, commonly known as fixed bridges, are dental prosthetics used to replace one or more missing teeth. They are permanently fixed in the mouth and cannot be removed by the patient. There are different types of fixed bridges, each with its characteristics, advantages, and considerations.
Traditional Fixed Bridge
A bridge of artificial teeth (pontics) fused between two dental crowns (abutments) cemented onto the adjacent natural teeth.
Procedure
The dentist reshapes the abutment teeth, takes impressions, and sends them to a dental lab for bridge fabrication. The bridge is then cemented onto the abutment teeth.
Pros
- Stable and durable
- Natural appearance
- Restores chewing function
- Prevents shifting of adjacent teeth
Cons
- Requires preparation of adjacent healthy teeth
- May increase the risk of tooth sensitivity
Cantilever Bridge
Similar to traditional bridges, but supported on only one side by a natural tooth.
Procedure
Similar to traditional bridges, with preparation of the abutment tooth on one side.
Pros
- Suitable for areas with only one adjacent healthy tooth
- Aesthetically pleasing
Cons
- Places additional stress on the supporting tooth
- Not ideal for areas with heavy chewing forces
Maryland Bridge (Resin-Bonded Bridge)
A conservative option that uses a metal or porcelain framework bonded to the back of adjacent teeth with minimal preparation.
Procedure
The dentist bonds the framework to the back of the adjacent teeth, and the pontic is attached to fill the gap.
Pros
- Preserves most natural tooth structure
- Quick and easy procedure
- Less expensive
Cons
- Not as strong as traditional bridges
- May have limited use for specific cases
Implant-Supported Fixed Bridge
Utilizes dental implants as support instead of natural teeth.
Procedure
The dentist assesses implant candidacy, places dental implants, and then fixes the bridge onto the implants.
Pros
- Most stable and long-lasting option
- No need to involve adjacent teeth
- Prevents bone loss
Cons
- Requires sufficient bone density and healthy gums for implant placement
- More expensive
Hybrid Bridge (Fixed-Detachable Denture)
Combines the benefits of fixed and removable dentures attached to dental implants.
Procedure
Dental implants are placed, and the hybrid bridge is screwed or attached to the implants.
Pros
- Secure and stable like a fixed bridge
- Easy to clean and maintain like a removable denture
Cons
- More complex than other bridges
- Requires regular maintenance and cleaning
Conclusion
Removable and Fixed Partial Dentures offer viable solutions for replacing missing teeth and restoring oral function. While Removable Partial Dentures provide flexibility and easy maintenance, Fixed Partial Dentures offer stability and a more permanent solution. However, consulting with a dental professional for personalized recommendations based on individual oral health needs is essential.
